Genetic Determinants Of Hiv Infection - 807 Words

Genetic determinants of HIV infection: HIV has two major types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 has four groups M, N, O and P. These groups are further classified into subtypes. Group M is a major infecting group worldwide contributing to 90% of HIV-1 infections. Group M is classified into nine subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J and K). Subtype B is predominantly found in America and Western Europe. The susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, transmission of disease, and response to retroviral therapy depend on the genetic determinants of the host cell. These genetic determinants vary in populations and among patients. These genetic variants regulate chemokine co-receptors and ligands that involve in the entry of the virus, major histocompatibility complex, killer cells Ig like receptor and cytokines, and TRIM5ÃŽ ± motif and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (Kaur and Mehra, 2009). In genome-wide association studies performed in European population, it was shown that Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cla ss I variation (Eg. HLA-B*5701) is the major contributor to viral set point and CD4+ T cell decline (Fellay et al., 2010). Cohort study of genetic polymorphism in chemokine receptors in Indian population has shown that protective CCR5 Δ32 variant is rare and CCR5HHE carrying *59402A has the high likelihood of infections (Kaur and Mehra, 2009). HIV Sequence Database contains annotated HIV sequencesShow MoreRelatedThe Health Of The Population Health937 Words   |  4 Pagescombination (Knickman Kovner, 2015). These determinants of health, known as population health determinants generally include genetics, access to health care, individual behavior, social determinant, physical environment (Knickman Kovner, 2015). 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